The objective of this working group focuses on providing a current overview of biomass in Spain and raise a number of challenges for the future.
By way of introduction we can ensure that the biomass are at a disadvantage compared to other renewable energy sources and that society is an unknown power that is exported due to lack of use.
There are two types of biomass, the forestry and agriculture, but we can also obtain energy crops.
Why to use biomass? There are three main reasons: obligation, price and national interest.
20% of energy should be renewable, depending on the commitment for 2020 that is reflected in the EC Directive 28/2009. Another commitment that we will face this year will get 10% CO2 reduction in diffuse sectors. Directive 28/2009 establishes a set of objectives. Biomass accounts for more than 40% of renewable energy in Europe, other African countries to reach the objectives spend 49% (Sweden). However, non-fossil energy use in residential places in our country must be at least 29%.
Biomass energy is a highly competitive, this is because the price of wood has doubled and the price of gas oil is twice that of the bulk pellet, and it can compete economically with natural gas.
is a national resource and Spain need to work. It has a wide range of use as seen in the forest inventory (conducted between 1992-2003). You can ensure raw material currently star is the olive pit, but exported and burned in Britain and Belgium. Other notable sources of biomass are the almond shell, hazelnut and grape vine.
subsequently an analysis of case studies :
heating in Oviedo: savings of 120,000 € per year. Boilers have been installed 2 MW.
heat · Network Ultzama (Navarra): jobs are generated with the facility to municipal buildings. There is a biogas plant, pellet plant and cogeneration of 1 MW. In summer pellet boilers are used for larger energy savings.
· Plant pellet in Tineo (Asturias): You generate 55 jobs.
· Manufactured in Austria, was made about 700 boilers per year, generating 200 jobs and invoiced € 65 million per year.
· Plant Miajadas Electric (Extremadura): 120 jobs. This is the first plant biomass mixed together on this at the same point.
· Gussing Biorefinery and industry in Austria: 1100 jobs were generated, it is a clear example of recovery from depressed rural areas. There is a biogas and biodiesel prices remain stable.
combustion · Center Vattenfall in Denmark: Savings in CO2 emissions.
· Biogas for electricity in Requena (Valencia): 499 KW. It is the first plant of its kind in Spain.
The last part presents some conclusions :
• Promoting biomass in the PER 2011-2020.
· Comply the objectives outlined in the report 20-20-20.
• Increase the area under management plans.
· Suitable for improved management of forests left.
* Most of our country's forest area is subject to private ownership.
• Study of environmental effects and the intensive use can be harmful.
• Generates jobs.
* New crop alternative.
• Development of forest energy crops.
Do not produce net CO2 emissions.
• Lack of knowledge and poor promotion of chips and pellets.
• Study supply to avoid potential conflicts with the raw material.
· I + D + I.
· The biofuels have similar benefits to fossil fuels.
Roberto Garrido Redondo
Javier García-Soldado Flox
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